PENGARUH PENGHAWAAN DAN PENCAHAYAAN ALAMI PADA BANGUNAN SEMI TERBUKA TERHADAP KENYAMANAN DAN PRODUKTIVITAS Studi Kasus: Kafe Tanatap Ampera, Jakarta Selatan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31848/arcade.v7i2.3182Keywords:
Ruang Semi Terbuka, Kenyamanan Penghawaan dan Pencahayaan Alami, Produktivitas ManusiaAbstract
Abstract: The Tanatap Ampera Cafe is a semi-public building that has a function as a functional place for activities such as gathering and working individually or in groups with a presentation of 40% closed space and 60% semi-open space. This building utilizes natural ventilation and natural lighting into a semi-open area. So based on this design, the research aims to analyze the potential of points or areas in buildings that can increase user productivity which is affected by natural ventilation and lighting with the standards and indexes made by ASHRAE with the PMV method, namely Slightly Warm (+1), Neutral 0, Slightly Cool (-1), strong light intensity based on the Indonesian National Standard 03-6575-2011 Light intensity in a cafeteria and work space is 350 Lux, Greenship Rating Tools from the Green Building Council Indonesia (GBCI), which is the minimum standard for small areas natural lighting is 30% of the total area and the color of sunlight is 4000-5000K to affect human productivity. The purpose of this study was to find out the design of the semi-open space at Tanatap Ampera according to standards based on the results of field data collection and respondent data. Writing with a quantitative method using anemometer and spectrometer at 30 location points during the day every one hour, from 09.00 to 16.00. Field data collection results include orientation, temperature, humidity, ASHRAE index classification, light intensity, sunlight color, color rendering level, and the productivity value of the respondents. Based on the results of data analysis, semi-open areas that have natural ventilation and lighting that meet comfort standards and have the potential to increase productivity are located at point no. 9 and 17 from 09.00 to 11.00. While points 1, 2, 3 and 4 can be optimal points if there is a transparent envelope wall of the building that has ventilation openings for cross ventilation, because these areas do not have good ventilation. So that the optimal point will be at points 1, 2, 3, 4, 9, and 17 at 09.00 to 16.00.
Keyword: Semi Open Space, Air Conditioning and Natural Lighting Comfort, Human Productivity.
Abstrak: Kafe Tanatap Ampera merupakan bangunan semi publik memiliki fungsi sebagai tempat fungsional untuk berkegiatan seperti berkumpul dan bekerja secara individual atau berkelompok dengan presentasi 40% ruang tertutup dan 60% ruang semi terbuka. Bangunan ini memanfaatkan penghawaan alami dan pencahayaan alami kedalam area semi terbuka. Maka berdasarkan desain tersebut, Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisa potens titik atau area dalam bangunan yang dapat meningkatkan produktivitas pengguna yang dipengaruhi penghawaan dan pencahayaan alami dengan standar  dan indeks yang buat oleh ASHRAE dengan metode PMV yaitu Slightly Warm (Cukup Hangat +1 ), Netral 0, Slightly Cool (Cukup Sejuk -1),, kuat intensitas cahaya berdasarkan Standar Nasional Indonesia 03-6575-2011 Kuat Cahaya dalam kuang kafetaria atau ruang kerja yaitu 350 Lux, Greenship Rating Tools dari Green Building Council Indonesia (GBCI) yaitu standar minimal untuk area pencahayaan alami adalah 30% dari total area dan warna cahaya matahri 4000-5000K untuk mempengaruhi produktivitas manusia. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui desain ruang semi terbuka pada Tanatap Ampera sesuai standar berdasarkan hasil pengambilan data lapangan serta data responden. Penulisan dengan metode kuantitatif menggunakan alat anemometer dan spectrometer pada 30 titik lokasi selama siang hari setiap satu jam yaitu pada pukul 09.00 hingga 16.00. Data hasil pengambilan data lapangan berupa orientasi, suhu, kelembaban, klasifikasi indeks ASHRAE, kuat cahaya, warna cahaya matahari, tingkat renderasi warna, dan nilai produktivitas responden. Berdasarkan hasil Analisa data, area semi terbuka yang memiliki penghawaan dan pencahayaan alami yang sesuai standar kenyamanan dan berpotensi untuk meningkatkan produktivitas terletak pada titik nomot 9 dan 17 di jam 09.00 hingga 11.00. Sementara pada titik nomor 1, 2, 3, dan 4 dapat menjadi titik yang optimal apabila ada dinding selubungan transparan bangunan memiliki bukaan penghawaan untuk ventilasi silang, karena area tersebut tidak memiliki sirkulasi penghawaan yang baik. Sehingga titik yang optimal nantinya menjadi pada titik 1, 2, 3, 4, 9, dan 17 pada pukul 09.00 hingga 16.00.
Kata Kunci: Ruang Semi Terbuka, Kenyamanan Penghawaan dan Pencahayaan Alami, Produktivitas Manusia.          Â
References
Aguilar, A. J. et al. (2022) ‘Thermal Perception in Naturally Ventilated University Buildings in Spain during the Cold Season’, Buildings, 12(7). doi: 10.3390/buildings12070890.
Amin, M. (2004) ‘Pengaruh Bukaan Terhadap Kenyamanan Termal Pada Bangunan Publik Di Daerah Tropis’, 2.
Andriawan, I. (2021) ‘Pencahahayaan Dan Penghawaan Alami Pada Rumah Tinggal Pegunungan’, Jurnal Ilmiah Arsitektur, 11(1), pp. 23–27. doi: 10.32699/jiars.v11i1.1874.
Anne-Marie Chang, Nayantara Santhi, Melissa St Hilaire, Claude Gronfier, Dayna S. Bradstreet, Jeanne F. Dutty, Steven W. Lockley, Richard E. Krounauer, C. A. C. (2012) ‘Human responses to bright light of different durations’, pp. 593–599.
Ardiyanto, B., Utami, S. S. and Ridwan, M. K. (2014) ‘Analisis Kualitas Pencahayaan Menggunakan Pemodelan Numeris Sesuai SNI Pencahayaan , Data Pengukuran Langsung ( On-Site ) dan Simulasi’, 3(2), pp. 63–71.
Barrett, R. (2008) ‘Natural Lighting of Deep Architectural Space : the Perception of New Zealand Architects’, International Journal of Architectural Research, 2(2), pp. 103–124.
Dhabi, A. et al. (2022) ‘Work Productivity and Human Wellbeing in Offices Using Natural Light Vs Artificial Light’, pp. 2091–2102.
GBCI (2012) GREENSHIP New Building. Available at: https://www.gbcindonesia.org/greenship/rating-tools/download/doc_download/72-ringkasan-greenship-nb-v1-1-id.
Gibbs M, Hampton S, Morgan L, A. J. N. L. P. 1204462 (2002) ‘Adaptation of the circadian rhythm of 6-sulphatoxymelatonin to a shift schedule of seven nights followed by seven days in offshore oil installation workers.’, 325(2)(doi: 10.1016/s0304-3940(02)00247-1. PMID: 12044629.), pp. 91–4.
Houser K, Boyce P, Zeitzer J, H. M. (2021) ‘Human-centric lighting: Myth, magic or metaphor?’, Lighting Research & Technology., 53(2)(doi:10.1177/1477153520958448), pp. 97-118.
Kaheneko, O. (2021) ‘Research on Application of Natural Light in Modern Architecture Design’, The International Journal of Science & Technoledge, 9(2). doi: 10.24940/theijst/2021/v9/i2/st2102-013.
Kanteraki, A. E. et al. (2020) ‘Investigating Thermal Performance of Residential Buildings in Marmari Region, South Evia, Greece’, Challenges, 11(1), p. 5. doi: 10.3390/challe11010005.
Khairi, N. H. (2021) ‘THE IMPORTANCE OF NATURAL LIGHTING IN BUILDINGS AND’, 2(6), pp. 1–4.
Kralikova, R., Piňosová, M. and Hricová, B. (2018) ‘Lighting Quality and Its Effects on Productivity and Human Healths’, International Journal of Interdisciplinarity in Theory and Practice, 2018(March 2016).
Lipinski, T. et al. (2020) ‘Review of ventilation strategies to reduce the risk of disease transmission in high occupancy buildings’, International Journal of Thermofluids, 7–8, p. 100045. doi: 10.1016/j.ijft.2020.100045.
Mardaljevic, J. (2021) ‘The implementation of natural lighting for human health from a planning perspective’, Lighting Research and Technology, 53(5), pp. 489–513. doi: 10.1177/14771535211022145.
Ningrum, A. S. (2022) ‘Natural Lighting Compatibility Analisys in A Simple House Using Dialux Simulation’, 4(1), pp. 85–94. doi: 10.17509/jare.v4i1.43496.
Panjaitan ; Mira D. Pangestu, D. M. (2018) ‘the Impact of Daylight Apertures and Reflective Surfaces on the Effectiveness of Natural Lighting At the Rumah Kindah Office in Jakarta’, Riset Arsitektur (RISA), 2(01), pp. 70–88. doi: 10.26593/risa.v2i01.2932.70-88.
Prakoso, N. A., Lamahala, A. K. and Sentanu, G. (2019) ‘Kajian Penerapan Material Pada Selubung Bangunan Yang Mempengaruhi Kenyamanan Termal Perpustakaan Umum Bank Indonesia’, 2(2), pp. 1–12. Available at: https://repository.mercubuana.ac.id/48583/.
Prasetia, A. K. and Nugrahaini, F. T. (2020) ‘Kenyamanan Termal pada Masjid Batul Makmur Pabelan’, SIAR: Seminar Ilmiah Arsitektur, 8686, pp. 597–600.
PRASETYO, B. (2003) ‘Peranan Binding Dan Bukaan Binding Masjid Acunc Demak Terhadap Kondisi Thermal Ruang Shalat Utama’. Available at: http://eprints.undip.ac.id/11972/.
Refinetti, R., Ph, D. and Refinetti, R. (2000) Circadian Physiology Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data.
Seidu, I. B., Ogedengbe, E. O. B. and Rosen, M. A. (2015) ‘Heat management in a campus cafeteria with optimal insulation thickness for thermal comfort of a space-variant manikin’, International Journal of Process Systems Engineering, 3(1/2/3), p. 126. doi: 10.1504/ijpse.2015.071432.
Setiawan, H. and Hidayat, M. S. (2022) ‘Evaluasi Terhadap Kenyamanan Termal Pada Masjid Bayt Al Qur’an, Tangerang Selatan’, Vitruvian : Jurnal Arsitektur, Bangunan dan Lingkungan, 12(1), p. 93. doi: 10.22441/vitruvian.2022.v12i1.009.
Sharma, A., Kumar, G. and Chani, P. S. (2019) ‘Thermal Behavior of Naturally Ventilated Buildings and their Energy Consumption’, Asian Journal For Convergence In …, (September). Available at: http://www.asianssr.org/index.php/ajct/article/view/752.
Shishegar, N. and Boubekri, M. (2016) ‘Natural Light and Productivity: Analyzing the Impacts of Daylighting on Students’ and Workers’ Health and Alertness’, International Journal of Advances in Chemical Engineering and Biological Sciences, 3(1), pp. 1–6. doi: 10.15242/ijacebs.ae0416104.
Student, M. T. et al. (2021) ‘No 主観的å¥åº·æ„Ÿã‚’ä¸å¿ƒã¨ã—ãŸåœ¨å®…高齢者ã«ãŠã‘ã‚‹ å¥åº·é–¢é€£æŒ‡æ¨™ã«é–¢ã™ã‚‹å…±åˆ†æ•£æ§‹é€ 分æžTitle’, Frontiers in Neuroscience, 14(1), pp. 1–13.
Sujannah, H. et al. (2019) ‘Evaluasi Kenyamanan Termal Hana Cafe Darussalam, Banda Aceh’, 3(2), pp. 17–22.
Sulistiawan, A. P. (2020) ‘Penilaian Greenship GBCI Dalam Penerapan Reuse Material Di Café Day N Nite Bandung’, Jurnal Arsitektur TERRACOTTA, 2(1), pp. 44–54. doi: 10.26760/terracotta.v2i1.4342.
